chown [OPTION]... [OWNER][:[GROUP]] FILE...
!subtitle:功能
修改文件的所有者和所属组。
!subtitle:类型
可执行文件（/usr/bin/chown），属于 coreutils。
!subtitle:参数
OPTION 选项：
-c, --changes - 仅对发生变化的文件打印详细信息
-f, --silent, --quiet - 忽略大部分错误信息
-v, --verbose - 打印详细信息
--dereference - 影响符号链接引用的源文件，而非符号链接本身（默认）
-h, --no-dereference - 影响符号链接本身，而不是其引用的源文件
--from=CURRENT_OWNER:CURRENT_GROUP - 仅当文件的所有者和所属主是 CURRENT_OWNER 和 CURRENT_GROUP 才进行修改
--no-preserve-root - 不保护 / 目录
--preserve-root - 保护 / 目录
--reference=RFILE - 引用 RFILE 文件的配置
-R, --recursive - 对目录进行递归操作
-H - 使用 -R 选项进行递归操作时，指向目录的符号链接只有作为命令行参数时才遍历
-L - 使用 -R 选项进行递归操作时，遍历所有指向目录的符号链接
-P - 使用 -R 选项进行递归操作时，不遍历任何符号链接（默认）
--help - 显示帮助
--version - 显示版本
OWNER - 要设为的所有者
GROUP - 要设为的所属组
FILE - 文件列表
!subtitle:用户名或组名
$ chown planc file.txt # 将 file 的所有者设为 planc
$ chown :primers file.txt # 将 file 的所属组设为 primers
$ chown planc:primers file.txt # 将 file 的所有者设为 planc 所属组设为 primers
!subtitle:用 ID 或组 ID
$ chown 1001 file.txt # 将 file 的所有者 ID 设为 1001
$ chown :1001 file.txt # 将 file 的所属组 ID 设为 1001
$ chown 1001:1001 file.txt # 将 file 的所有者 ID 设为 1001 所属组 ID 设为 1001
!subtitle:其它
$ chown --reference=2.txt 1.txt # 将 1.txt 的所有者和所属组设为和 2.txt 一样
$ chown planc:primers -R dir # 递归设置目录 dir 中的文件
!subtitle4:修改根目录（危险！）
$ chown planc --no-preserve-root -R / # 危险！千万不要执行此命令！
| 命令 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| chgrp | 修改文件的所属组 |
| chmod | 修改文件的访问权限 |
CHOWN(1) User Commands CHOWN(1)
NAME
chown - change file owner and group
SYNOPSIS
chown [OPTION]... [OWNER][:[GROUP]] FILE...
chown [OPTION]... --reference=RFILE FILE...
DESCRIPTION
This manual page documents the GNU version of chown. chown changes the
user and/or group ownership of each given file. If only an owner (a
user name or numeric user ID) is given, that user is made the owner of
each given file, and the files' group is not changed. If the owner is
followed by a colon and a group name (or numeric group ID), with no
spaces between them, the group ownership of the files is changed as
well. If a colon but no group name follows the user name, that user is
made the owner of the files and the group of the files is changed to
that user's login group. If the colon and group are given, but the
owner is omitted, only the group of the files is changed; in this case,
chown performs the same function as chgrp. If only a colon is given,
or if the entire operand is empty, neither the owner nor the group is
changed.
OPTIONS
Change the owner and/or group of each FILE to OWNER and/or GROUP. With
--reference, change the owner and group of each FILE to those of RFILE.
-c, --changes
like verbose but report only when a change is made
-f, --silent, --quiet
suppress most error messages
-v, --verbose
output a diagnostic for every file processed
--dereference
affect the referent of each symbolic link (this is the default),
rather than the symbolic link itself
-h, --no-dereference
affect symbolic links instead of any referenced file (useful
only on systems that can change the ownership of a symlink)
--from=CURRENT_OWNER:CURRENT_GROUP
change the owner and/or group of each file only if its current
owner and/or group match those specified here. Either may be
omitted, in which case a match is not required for the omitted
attribute
--no-preserve-root
do not treat '/' specially (the default)
--preserve-root
fail to operate recursively on '/'
--reference=RFILE
use RFILE's owner and group rather than specifying OWNER:GROUP
values. RFILE is always dereferenced.
-R, --recursive
operate on files and directories recursively
The following options modify how a hierarchy is traversed when the -R
option is also specified. If more than one is specified, only the fi‐
nal one takes effect.
-H if a command line argument is a symbolic link to a directory,
traverse it
-L traverse every symbolic link to a directory encountered
-P do not traverse any symbolic links (default)
--help display this help and exit
--version
output version information and exit
Owner is unchanged if missing. Group is unchanged if missing, but
changed to login group if implied by a ':' following a symbolic OWNER.
OWNER and GROUP may be numeric as well as symbolic.
EXAMPLES
chown root /u
Change the owner of /u to "root".
chown root:staff /u
Likewise, but also change its group to "staff".
chown -hR root /u
Change the owner of /u and subfiles to "root".
AUTHOR
Written by David MacKenzie and Jim Meyering.
REPORTING BUGS
GNU coreutils online help: <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
Report any translation bugs to <https://translationproject.org/team/>
COPYRIGHT
Copyright © 2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc. License GPLv3+: GNU
GPL version 3 or later <https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
SEE ALSO
chown(2)
Full documentation <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/chown>
or available locally via: info '(coreutils) chown invocation'
GNU coreutils 9.4 April 2024 CHOWN(1)