# Bash 的 lsblk 命令

lsblk [OPTION]... [DEVICE]...

$ lsblk             # 查看块设备
NAME        MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
nvme0n1     259:0    0 931.5G  0 disk
├─nvme0n1p1 259:1    0     1G  0 part /boot/efi
└─nvme0n1p2 259:2    0 930.5G  0 part /
$ lsblk -d          # 不显示从设备
NAME    MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
nvme0n1 259:0    0 931.5G  0 disk
$ lsblk -a          # 显示所有设备
NAME        MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
loop0         7:0    0     0B  0 loop
loop1         7:1    0     0B  0 loop
loop2         7:2    0     0B  0 loop
loop3         7:3    0     0B  0 loop
loop4         7:4    0     0B  0 loop
loop5         7:5    0     0B  0 loop
loop6         7:6    0     0B  0 loop
loop7         7:7    0     0B  0 loop
nvme0n1     259:0    0 931.5G  0 disk
├─nvme0n1p1 259:1    0     1G  0 part /boot/efi
└─nvme0n1p2 259:2    0 930.5G  0 part /

LSBLK(8)                     System Administration                    LSBLK(8)

NAME
       lsblk - list block devices

SYNOPSIS
       lsblk [options] [device...]

DESCRIPTION
       lsblk lists information about all available or the specified block
       devices. The lsblk command reads the sysfs filesystem and udev db to
       gather information. If the udev db is not available or lsblk is
       compiled without udev support, then it tries to read LABELs, UUIDs and
       filesystem types from the block device. In this case root permissions
       are necessary.

       By default, the command prints all block devices (except RAM disks) in
       a tree-like format. The same device can be repeated in the tree if it
       relates to other devices. The --merge option is recommended for more
       complicated setups to gather groups of devices and describe complex N:M
       relationships.

       The default output, as well as the default output from options like
       --fs and --topology, is subject to change. So whenever possible, you
       should avoid using default outputs in your scripts. Always explicitly
       define expected columns by using --output columns-list and --list in
       environments where a stable output is required.

       Use lsblk --help to get a list of all available columns.

       Note that lsblk might be executed in time when udev does not have all
       information about recently added or modified devices yet. In this case
       it is recommended to use udevadm settle before lsblk to synchronize
       with udev.

       The relationship between block devices and filesystems is not always
       one-to-one. The filesystem may use more block devices, or the same
       filesystem may be accessible by more paths. This is the reason why
       lsblk provides MOUNTPOINT and MOUNTPOINTS (pl.) columns. The column
       MOUNTPOINT displays only one mount point (usually the last mounted
       instance of the filesystem), and the column MOUNTPOINTS displays by
       multi-line cell all mount points associated with the device.

OPTIONS
       -A, --noempty
           Don’t print empty devices.

       -a, --all
           Disable all built-in filters and list all empty devices and RAM
           disk devices too.

       -b, --bytes
           Print the sizes in bytes rather than in a human-readable format.

           By default, the unit, sizes are expressed in, is byte, and unit
           prefixes are in power of 2^10 (1024). Abbreviations of symbols are
           exhibited truncated in order to reach a better readability, by
           exhibiting alone the first letter of them; examples: "1 KiB" and "1
           MiB" are respectively exhibited as "1 K" and "1 M", then omitting
           on purpose the mention "iB", which is part of these abbreviations.

       -D, --discard
           Print information about the discarding capabilities (TRIM, UNMAP)
           for each device.

       -d, --nodeps
           Do not print holder devices or slaves. For example, lsblk --nodeps
           /dev/sda prints information about the sda device only.

       -E, --dedup column
           Use column as a de-duplication key to de-duplicate output tree. If
           the key is not available for the device, or the device is a
           partition and parental whole-disk device provides the same key than
           the device is always printed.

           The usual use case is to de-duplicate output on system multi-path
           devices, for example by -E WWN.

       -e, --exclude list
           Exclude the devices specified by the comma-separated list of major
           device numbers. Note that RAM disks (major=1) are excluded by
           default if --all is not specified. The filter is applied to the
           top-level devices only. This may be confusing for --list output
           format where hierarchy of the devices is not obvious.

       -f, --fs
           Output info about filesystems. This option is equivalent to -o
           NAME,FSTYPE,FSVER,LABEL,UUID,FSAVAIL,FSUSE%,MOUNTPOINTS. The
           authoritative information about filesystems and raids is provided
           by the blkid(8) command.

       -I, --include list
           Include devices specified by the comma-separated list of major
           device numbers. The filter is applied to the top-level devices
           only. This may be confusing for --list output format where
           hierarchy of the devices is not obvious.

       -i, --ascii
           Use ASCII characters for tree formatting.

       -J, --json
           Use JSON output format. It’s strongly recommended to use --output
           and also --tree if necessary.

       -l, --list
           Produce output in the form of a list. The output does not provide
           information about relationships between devices and since version
           2.34 every device is printed only once if --pairs or --raw not
           specified (the parsable outputs are maintained in backwardly
           compatible way).

       -M, --merge
           Group parents of sub-trees to provide more readable output for
           RAIDs and Multi-path devices. The tree-like output is required.

       -m, --perms
           Output info about device owner, group and mode. This option is
           equivalent to -o NAME,SIZE,OWNER,GROUP,MODE.

       -N, --nvme
           Output info about NVMe devices only.

       -v, --virtio
           Output info about virtio devices only.

       -n, --noheadings
           Do not print a header line.

       -o, --output list
           Specify which output columns to print. Use --help to get a list of
           all supported columns. The columns may affect tree-like output. The
           default is to use tree for the column 'NAME' (see also --tree).

           The default list of columns may be extended if list is specified in
           the format +list (e.g., lsblk -o +UUID).

       -O, --output-all
           Output all available columns.

       -P, --pairs
           Produce output in the form of key="value" pairs. The output lines
           are still ordered by dependencies. All potentially unsafe value
           characters are hex-escaped (\x<code>). See also option --shell.

       -p, --paths
           Print full device paths.

       -r, --raw
           Produce output in raw format. The output lines are still ordered by
           dependencies. All potentially unsafe characters are hex-escaped
           (\x<code>) in the NAME, KNAME, LABEL, PARTLABEL and MOUNTPOINT
           columns.

       -S, --scsi
           Output info about SCSI devices only. All partitions, slaves and
           holder devices are ignored.

       -s, --inverse
           Print dependencies in inverse order. If the --list output is
           requested then the lines are still ordered by dependencies.

       -T, --tree[=column]
           Force tree-like output format. If column is specified, then a tree
           is printed in the column. The default is NAME column.

       -t, --topology
           Output info about block-device topology. This option is equivalent
           to

           -o
           NAME,ALIGNMENT,MIN-IO,OPT-IO,PHY-SEC,LOG-SEC,ROTA,SCHED,RQ-SIZE,RA,WSAME.

       -h, --help
           Display help text and exit.

       -V, --version
           Print version and exit.

       -w, --width number
           Specifies output width as a number of characters. The default is
           the number of the terminal columns, and if not executed on a
           terminal, then output width is not restricted at all by default.
           This option also forces lsblk to assume that terminal control
           characters and unsafe characters are not allowed. The expected
           use-case is for example when lsblk is used by the watch(1) command.

       -x, --sort column
           Sort output lines by column. This option enables --list output
           format by default. It is possible to use the option --tree to force
           tree-like output and than the tree branches are sorted by the
           column.

       -y, --shell
           The column name will be modified to contain only characters allowed
           for shell variable identifiers, for example, MIN_IO and FSUSE_PCT
           instead of MIN-IO and FSUSE%. This is usable, for example, with
           --pairs. Note that this feature has been automatically enabled for
           --pairs in version 2.37, but due to compatibility issues, now it’s
           necessary to request this behavior by --shell.

       -z, --zoned
           Print the zone related information for each device.

       --sysroot directory
           Gather data for a Linux instance other than the instance from which
           the lsblk command is issued. The specified directory is the system
           root of the Linux instance to be inspected. The real device nodes
           in the target directory can be replaced by text files with udev
           attributes.

EXIT STATUS
       0
           success

       1
           failure

       32
           none of specified devices found

       64
           some specified devices found, some not found

ENVIRONMENT
       LSBLK_DEBUG=all
           enables lsblk debug output.

       LIBBLKID_DEBUG=all
           enables libblkid debug output.

       LIBMOUNT_DEBUG=all
           enables libmount debug output.

       LIBSMARTCOLS_DEBUG=all
           enables libsmartcols debug output.

       LIBSMARTCOLS_DEBUG_PADDING=on
           use visible padding characters.

NOTES
       For partitions, some information (e.g., queue attributes) is inherited
       from the parent device.

       The lsblk command needs to be able to look up each block device by
       major:minor numbers, which is done by using /sys/dev/block. This sysfs
       block directory appeared in kernel 2.6.27 (October 2008). In case of
       problems with a new enough kernel, check that CONFIG_SYSFS was enabled
       at the time of the kernel build.

AUTHORS
       Milan Broz <[email protected]>, Karel Zak <[email protected]>

SEE ALSO
       ls(1), blkid(8), findmnt(8)

REPORTING BUGS
       For bug reports, use the issue tracker at
       https://github.com/util-linux/util-linux/issues.

AVAILABILITY
       The lsblk command is part of the util-linux package which can be
       downloaded from Linux Kernel Archive
       <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/>.

util-linux 2.39.3                 2023-12-01                          LSBLK(8)