dirname OPTION... NAME...
!subtitle:功能
提取文件路径中的目录（从文件路径中删除最后一个组成部分）。
!subtitle:类型
可执行文件（/usr/bin/dirname），属于 coreutils。
!subtitle:参数
OPTION 选项：
-z, --zero - 以空字符（\0）作为行的结尾，而不是换行符（\n）
--help - 显示帮助
--version - 显示版本
NAME - 文件路径列表；不要求文件存在
!subtitle:绝对路径
$ dirname /path/to/file.txt
/path/to
$ dirname /path/to
/path
$ dirname /path
/
$ dirname / # 根目录会得到自身
/
!subtitle:相对路径
$ dirname ./path/to/file.txt
./path/to
$ dirname path/to/file.txt
path/to
$ dirname ./path/../path/to/file.txt
./path/../path/to
只会删除路径的最后一个组成部分，不会简化路径
| 命令 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| basename | 从文件路径中去除目录和后缀 |
| realpath | 解析路径 |
DIRNAME(1) User Commands DIRNAME(1)
NAME
dirname - strip last component from file name
SYNOPSIS
dirname [OPTION] NAME...
DESCRIPTION
Output each NAME with its last non-slash component and trailing slashes
removed; if NAME contains no /'s, output '.' (meaning the current di‐
rectory).
-z, --zero
end each output line with NUL, not newline
--help display this help and exit
--version
output version information and exit
EXAMPLES
dirname /usr/bin/
-> "/usr"
dirname dir1/str dir2/str
-> "dir1" followed by "dir2"
dirname stdio.h
-> "."
AUTHOR
Written by David MacKenzie and Jim Meyering.
REPORTING BUGS
GNU coreutils online help: <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
Report any translation bugs to <https://translationproject.org/team/>
COPYRIGHT
Copyright © 2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc. License GPLv3+: GNU
GPL version 3 or later <https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
SEE ALSO
basename(1), readlink(1)
Full documentation <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/dirname>
or available locally via: info '(coreutils) dirname invocation'
GNU coreutils 9.4 April 2024 DIRNAME(1)