shred [OPTION]... FILE...
!subtitle:功能
粉碎文件数据（使用随机数据多次覆盖磁盘数据）以避免被恢复。
!subtitle:类型
可执行文件（/usr/bin/shred），属于 coreutils。
!subtitle:参数
OPTION 选项：
-f, --force - 强制执行，如有必要，会修改文件的权限
-n, --iterations=N - 覆盖 N 次数据；默认为 3
--random-source=FILE - 从 FILE 文件获取随机数据
-s, --size=N - 粉碎 N 字节数据；支持 K M G 等单位后缀
-u - 粉碎后删除文件
--remove[=HOW] - 粉碎后删除文件，并指定怎样删除目录
unlink - 使用标准的 unlink 调用
wipe - 并且首先对名称中的字节进行混淆
wipesync - 并且将混淆后的字节同步到设备（默认）
-v, --verbose - 显示进度
-x, --exact - 不要将文件大小向上取整到一个标准块；对于非普通文件默认开启
-z, --zero - 最后额外使用全零覆盖一次
--help - 显示帮助
--version - 显示版本
FILE - 文件列表
$ shred 1.txt # 覆盖 1.txt 的数据 3 次（默认）
$ shred -n 10 -z 1.txt # 覆盖 1.txt 的数据 10 次，然后用全零额外覆盖一次
$ shred -u 1.txt # 覆盖 1.txt 的数据，然后将其删除
| 命令 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| rm | 删除文件 |
| rmdir | 删除目录 |
| unlink | 删除文件 |
SHRED(1) User Commands SHRED(1)
NAME
shred - overwrite a file to hide its contents, and optionally delete it
SYNOPSIS
shred [OPTION]... FILE...
DESCRIPTION
Overwrite the specified FILE(s) repeatedly, in order to make it harder
for even very expensive hardware probing to recover the data.
If FILE is -, shred standard output.
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options
too.
-f, --force
change permissions to allow writing if necessary
-n, --iterations=N
overwrite N times instead of the default (3)
--random-source=FILE
get random bytes from FILE
-s, --size=N
shred this many bytes (suffixes like K, M, G accepted)
-u deallocate and remove file after overwriting
--remove[=HOW]
like -u but give control on HOW to delete; See below
-v, --verbose
show progress
-x, --exact
do not round file sizes up to the next full block;
this is the default for non-regular files
-z, --zero
add a final overwrite with zeros to hide shredding
--help display this help and exit
--version
output version information and exit
Delete FILE(s) if --remove (-u) is specified. The default is not to
remove the files because it is common to operate on device files like
/dev/hda, and those files usually should not be removed. The optional
HOW parameter indicates how to remove a directory entry: 'unlink' =>
use a standard unlink call. 'wipe' => also first obfuscate bytes in
the name. 'wipesync' => also sync each obfuscated byte to the device.
The default mode is 'wipesync', but note it can be expensive.
CAUTION: shred assumes the file system and hardware overwrite data in
place. Although this is common, many platforms operate otherwise.
Also, backups and mirrors may contain unremovable copies that will let
a shredded file be recovered later. See the GNU coreutils manual for
details.
AUTHOR
Written by Colin Plumb.
REPORTING BUGS
GNU coreutils online help: <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
Report any translation bugs to <https://translationproject.org/team/>
COPYRIGHT
Copyright © 2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc. License GPLv3+: GNU
GPL version 3 or later <https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
SEE ALSO
Full documentation <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/shred>
or available locally via: info '(coreutils) shred invocation'
GNU coreutils 9.4 April 2024 SHRED(1)