# Bash 的 cp 命令

cp [OPTION]... SOURCE... DEST

$ ls                            # 空目录下操作
$ touch src.txt                 # 创建文件
$ cp src.txt dest.txt           # 复制文件
$ ls
src.txt dest.txt
$ mkdir dir                     # 创建目录
$ cp src.txt ./dir/dest.txt     # 复制到目录中
$ ls dir
dest.txt

$ mkdir src dest1 dest2         # 创建目录
$ touch src/1.txt               # 创建文件
$ tree src
src
└── 1.txt
$ cp -r src dest1               # 将 src 复制到 dest1 内部
$ tree dest1
dest1
└── src
    └── 1.txt
$ cp -rT src dest2              # 复制 src 合并到 dest2
$ tree dest2
dest2
└── 1.txt

CP(1)                            User Commands                           CP(1)

NAME
       cp - copy files and directories

SYNOPSIS
       cp [OPTION]... [-T] SOURCE DEST
       cp [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY
       cp [OPTION]... -t DIRECTORY SOURCE...

DESCRIPTION
       Copy SOURCE to DEST, or multiple SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY.

       Mandatory  arguments  to  long  options are mandatory for short options
       too.

       -a, --archive
              same as -dR --preserve=all

       --attributes-only
              don't copy the file data, just the attributes

       --backup[=CONTROL]
              make a backup of each existing destination file

       -b     like --backup but does not accept an argument

       --copy-contents
              copy contents of special files when recursive

       -d     same as --no-dereference --preserve=links

       --debug
              explain how a file is copied.  Implies -v

       -f, --force
              if an existing destination file cannot be opened, remove it  and
              try  again  (this  option  is ignored when the -n option is also
              used)

       -i, --interactive
              prompt before overwrite (overrides a previous -n option)

       -H     follow command-line symbolic links in SOURCE

       -l, --link
              hard link files instead of copying

       -L, --dereference
              always follow symbolic links in SOURCE

       -n, --no-clobber
              do not overwrite an existing file and do not fail  (overrides  a
              -u  or  previous  -i  option).  See also --update; equivalent to
              --update=none.

       -P, --no-dereference
              never follow symbolic links in SOURCE

       -p     same as --preserve=mode,ownership,timestamps

       --preserve[=ATTR_LIST]
              preserve the specified attributes

       --no-preserve=ATTR_LIST
              don't preserve the specified attributes

       --parents
              use full source file name under DIRECTORY

       -R, -r, --recursive
              copy directories recursively

       --reflink[=WHEN]
              control clone/CoW copies. See below

       --remove-destination
              remove each existing destination file before attempting to  open
              it (contrast with --force)

       --sparse=WHEN
              control creation of sparse files. See below

       --strip-trailing-slashes
              remove any trailing slashes from each SOURCE argument

       -s, --symbolic-link
              make symbolic links instead of copying

       -S, --suffix=SUFFIX
              override the usual backup suffix

       -t, --target-directory=DIRECTORY
              copy all SOURCE arguments into DIRECTORY

       -T, --no-target-directory
              treat DEST as a normal file

       --update[=UPDATE]
              control     which    existing    files    are    updated;    UP‐
              DATE={all,none,older(default)}.  See below

       -u     equivalent to --update[=older]

       -v, --verbose
              explain what is being done

       -x, --one-file-system
              stay on this file system

       -Z     set SELinux security context of destination file to default type

       --context[=CTX]
              like -Z, or if CTX is specified then set the  SELinux  or  SMACK
              security context to CTX

       --help display this help and exit

       --version
              output version information and exit

       ATTR_LIST  is  a  comma-separated  list  of  attributes. Attributes are
       'mode' for permissions (including any ACL and xattr permissions), 'own‐
       ership' for user and group, 'timestamps' for file  timestamps,  'links'
       for  hard  links,  'context' for security context, 'xattr' for extended
       attributes, and 'all' for all attributes.

       By default, sparse SOURCE files are detected by a crude  heuristic  and
       the corresponding DEST file is made sparse as well.  That is the behav‐
       ior  selected  by  --sparse=auto.   Specify --sparse=always to create a
       sparse DEST file whenever the SOURCE file contains a  long  enough  se‐
       quence of zero bytes.  Use --sparse=never to inhibit creation of sparse
       files.

       UPDATE  controls  which existing files in the destination are replaced.
       'all' is the default operation when an --update option  is  not  speci‐
       fied,  and  results  in all existing files in the destination being re‐
       placed.  'none' is similar to the --no-clobber option, in that no files
       in the destination are replaced, but also skipped files do not induce a
       failure.  'older' is the default operation when --update is  specified,
       and  results  in  files being replaced if they're older than the corre‐
       sponding source file.

       When --reflink[=always] is specified, perform a lightweight copy, where
       the data blocks are copied only when modified.  If this is not possible
       the copy fails, or if --reflink=auto is specified, fall back to a stan‐
       dard copy.  Use --reflink=never to ensure a standard copy is performed.

       The  backup  suffix  is  '~',  unless  set  with   --suffix   or   SIM‐
       PLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX.   The version control method may be selected via the
       --backup option or through the  VERSION_CONTROL  environment  variable.
       Here are the values:

       none, off
              never make backups (even if --backup is given)

       numbered, t
              make numbered backups

       existing, nil
              numbered if numbered backups exist, simple otherwise

       simple, never
              always make simple backups

       As  a  special  case,  cp  makes  a backup of SOURCE when the force and
       backup options are given and SOURCE and DEST are the same name  for  an
       existing, regular file.

AUTHOR
       Written by Torbjorn Granlund, David MacKenzie, and Jim Meyering.

REPORTING BUGS
       GNU coreutils online help: <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
       Report any translation bugs to <https://translationproject.org/team/>

COPYRIGHT
       Copyright  ©  2023  Free Software Foundation, Inc.  License GPLv3+: GNU
       GPL version 3 or later <https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
       This is free software: you are free  to  change  and  redistribute  it.
       There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.

SEE ALSO
       install(1)

       Full documentation <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/cp>
       or available locally via: info '(coreutils) cp invocation'

GNU coreutils 9.4                 April 2024                             CP(1)